Chronic illness — encompassing conditions such as chronic pain, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular disease, treatment-resistant depression and persistent inflammatory states — generates a sustained demand for therapeutic options beyond the conventional pharmacological repertoire. A growing body of research examines whether psychoactive plants and traditional medicines, used in adequate settings, may have a role in care, palliation or accompaniment. ICEERS gathers here content addressing the intersection between chronic illness and ethnobotanical practices.